FAQ

Common legal questions, answered

Ten of the questions we hear most often — with plain-language answers to help you figure out your next step.

Do I always need a lawyer to handle a legal issue?

No. Simple matters — an uncontested traffic ticket, a straightforward small claims case, a basic will for a very simple estate — can often be handled on your own. But anything involving significant money, your freedom, your children, or a signed contract you don't fully understand is usually worth at least a consultation with a lawyer, and many attorneys offer those for free.

What should I do if the police want to talk to me?

Stay calm and polite, and identify yourself if required by your state's law. You have the right to remain silent and the right to a lawyer — you can invoke both by clearly saying, 'I want to remain silent, and I want to speak with a lawyer.' Then stop talking about the situation. Do not consent to searches, and do not physically resist even if you believe the police are wrong.

How long do I have to file a lawsuit?

Every claim has a deadline called a statute of limitations, and missing it usually means losing the case forever. Deadlines depend on the type of claim and the state — commonly ranging from one to six years for civil cases, with different rules for cases against the government or involving minors. If you think you may have a claim, find out your deadline as early as possible.

What's the difference between a misdemeanor and a felony?

A misdemeanor is a less serious crime, typically punishable by a fine and up to a year in a local jail. A felony is a more serious crime, punishable by more than a year in prison, and it can have long-term consequences for jobs, housing, immigration status, gun rights, and voting rights in many states.

How much does it cost to hire a lawyer?

It depends on the type of case and where you live. Lawyers typically charge by the hour, a flat fee for defined tasks, a contingency percentage (common in injury cases where you pay only if you win), or through an up-front retainer. Always get the fee arrangement in writing before you agree to be represented.

What is small claims court, and can I use it?

Small claims court is a simplified court for money disputes under a limit set by each state, often between $2,500 and $25,000. The rules are relaxed, filing fees are low, and in many states you don't need — or can't use — a lawyer. It's a good option for unpaid rent, security deposit disputes, small contracts, and damaged property claims.

Can I be fired for any reason?

In most U.S. states, employment is 'at-will,' meaning either side can end the relationship at any time. But you cannot be fired for illegal reasons — such as your race, sex, religion, age (40+), disability, national origin, or in retaliation for reporting harassment, discrimination, or unsafe conditions. Contracts, union agreements, and some state laws provide additional protections.

What happens if I die without a will?

If you die without a will (called dying 'intestate'), your state's laws decide who inherits your property and, if you have minor children, who may become their guardian. The result is often not what you would have chosen. Even a simple will lets you make those decisions yourself.

Is a verbal agreement legally binding?

Often yes, but it's much harder to prove what was actually agreed. Some contracts — including many involving real estate, marriage, or agreements that can't be performed within a year — must be in writing under a rule called the 'statute of frauds.' Even when a handshake deal is technically enforceable, a short written summary protects everyone.

How do I find a lawyer if I can't afford one?

Contact your local legal aid organization — they serve people below certain income levels for free. Your state or county bar association typically has a referral service and pro bono programs. Law school clinics take on real cases under attorney supervision. And in criminal cases where jail is a possible outcome, you have the right to a court-appointed public defender.